Means for forming concrete piles.



M. MILLER.

MEANS ron FORMING coucnm: FILES.

APPLICATION HLED DAY 10. I916.

Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

INl/EN TOR WITNESSES Maw M116)" A TTORNEYS M. MILLER.

MEANS FOR FORMING CONCRETE FILES.

APPLICATION HLED MAY l0. IQIE.

Patented Mar. 11,1919.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

IN KEN TOR Maw Mad/e2" WITNESSES A TTORHEYS MAX MILLER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MEANS FOR FORMING CONCRETE FILES.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, MAX MILLER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New York, borou h of the Bronx, in the county of Bronx and tate of New York, have invented a new and Improved Means for Forming Concrete Piles, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to the forming or sinking of concrete piles or the like and has particular reference to means or methods of orming concrete piles in situ with an enlargement either at the lower end or at some point above it, forming a footing or pedestal to increase the stability and the efficiency of the pile when built or sunk in soft earth.

Among the objects of the invention, therefore, is to provide an improved means for forming a hole having an enlargement at or near its lower end to receive the concrete or other pile formin material. By the term concrete, as use herein, I mean to cover any suitable plastic material, either with or without metal reinforcements for the formation of the pile. The term pile furthermore is to be understood as being applicable to any analogous foundation or supporting element.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for forming concrete piles in situ,

the piles having pedestals or enlargements formed thereon, in connection with means for excludin soft earth from the pile hole.

More definitely stated, this invention contemplates the provision and use of a casing to be driven into the earth either with or independently of a core, said casing being provided with an expansible section. adapting that portion of the casing to be spread or enlarged after being driven, the expansible section. however, being so constructed that irrespective of the expansion it remains practically continuous or unbroken in its contour,

whereby the soft earth is revented from entering the space formed within it.

With the foregoing and other objects in view the invention consists in the arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter described and claimed, and while the inven tion is not restricted to the exact details of construction disclosed or suggested herein, still for the purpose of illustrating a practical embodiment thereof reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which like Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 10, 1916.

Patented Mar. 11, 1919. Serial No. 98,547.

reference characters designate the same parts in the several views, and in which- F lgure 1 is a front elevation of one form of my invention indicating especially the expansible section in its driving form or position, a portion being broken away to indicate the manner of construction;

Fig. 2 is a. vertical central section of the structure of Fig. 1, showing the parts however, after expansion of the expansible section;

Fi 3 is a transverse sectional detail on the line 3% of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional detail on the line 4.4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing a slight modification;

Fig. 6 is another modification indicating a closed lower end or driving point;

i Fig. 7 is a form of the invention in which the casing is of corrugated metal and provided with a driving oint;

the expanding means on the wer open end of the corrugated casing;

Fig. 9 is a plan view indicating the cross sectional form of a corrugated pipe or casing;

Fig. 10 is a transverse section on the line 10-10 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional detail of another modification.

As above premised, in the practice of concrete iling it is frequently desirable and essential that a footing or pedestal be formed upon the lower end of the pile, and to this end many attempts have been made to provide a method or means for accomplishing this result economically and in a. dependable manner. In other words, whereas it is old to drive or sink a metal casing to the depth desired and then resort to ramming, percussion' or an explosion to form an enlarged hole at or below the lower end of the casing,

all these expedients so far as I am aware in in extensive experience are more or less unre iable for various reasons, amon which may be noted, the force required in t e ramming of concrete at the lower end of a hole is liable to be exerted mainly in one direction and thus an unsatisfactory footing is provided. Again, where an enlarged hole is attempted to be formed by explosion or the like, it is difiicult and practically impossible to proceed with the work with any sense of accuracy or precision as to the size or form of iih t tfei usgaempad to be made. 'Merebver, inall of these operations soft earth or mud is likely to tumble or flow into the hole thus formed, andjhuseithew nii'dii ii g: bi pilesiiiicludes a casing which may be integral thronghont or may be made up of a plurality of jointsor sectime to; dr ven is We s e h s11 ceeding section, being, slippedfu pon the pre-l vioalslyz ,driven par-tag E i xrtherrnorc, casns p po d hams may; be dnvenelflie L5 connectionrwithibr independently of well know on app oved e mef me i may be afterwardithdrawn, E i tRefrringwnqn ,t figs l toehfl show: a

aasc mpss aan ren sect on 15 constituting an; advancing section ofthe casing and having an open bottom or lower end; Zllhissection is omposedof any suitable number of overifanping upwardlv ta; er d segments, the i segments being 26 indicated at 16 and. theleuter segmentsat l7; Infil drivingtpositionthese segments are disposed ineydindrical form and. are so held; a 1 the loner and aet tm m p.

tions by anycsuitablewnumbql,of bands 18 and 19,;arranged on, the insideand outside respectively ,of the, section, These bands are preferably arranged in pairs, oneband 518 ofi each g pair being, directly within the o t r ba di lfl oiigthe P341111, s e Elseand 4. Any suitable gneansjrnay be lproj- Mided; to hold these bands orn premature ovementnp;ortdq sn,, ally dur ngjthe driving opera ion. jlo this end. l1 employ double headed pins 20 extending transversely 40 and radially throughsthefseginents 16, and lying between adjacentouter segnlents ll'.

The inneryband iis open for provided with i a ds, esliind cet o l T P!"- pose of the bandsis primarilyftop event the 46 collapsedcf the expansiblesection during the dr ing action-and hensethe nne n 18 J ,is n-rueh, ,htavier than gthe jl-oti ter band. Iihe tehdencytofnt e sectmntogex and duraing the driving acti on, is counteracged by the 50 {fiflfltlfll'igOfi surron dinglearth and the onter bandsr} The outer vband being. 1i hter 1than the inner ,band, may be made soli and may, be rnzptur ed during; ,the expansion ,of ,1 t elsact'ioni v i To facilitate segments of one series, are v preferably longer than those nfthe other. 1 t

H Theupper endsof alllof the segments are E icentrahy connected as-by rivets 2'2 to one 430 anether- ,or to onefor more, r ngs 23 formingan nexpansible crown, :A driving section, ,24,;,of y suitable s h ssliajemt ccnnes i n M w ithenpper ed page and inner surface of said ;-,-$6er0wvn. if a pluralitytoi se t ons, it b nsedg eaehflofi them w ill applied to the next receding section in "the same manner. After the complete casing including the expansible sectipn is driven to the desired depth, a depth Whose extent will be preeisely known hecause of the length of the several sections, the earth within the same lSJl'luQkBdviOI dredged out by an suitable means, leaving a clear hole to the" ottoin of the expan's1"'le*sect1on. I then expand the lower end thereof as suggested in Fig. 2.

The bands 18 do hotresist this expansion since they are" adaptedtb slip beneath the heads of j the pins? 20; The" section 15 thus expanded remainsdn place "Whether the so other section '24 ofthe casing be removed or not, and sincethe lower ends of the segments 16' and 17ers ide rthan the upper ends and still overlap each other when expanded, the hole within the expansible sec 35 tibn *willjre nain practically clean and free from any material, such as sand, 'mud or eartlithat would tend to produce a defective footing or pedestal for the concrete pile,,ivhich may hen be formedby the in troduction of 'concrete ifn any usual or well knownmanner, and'by thisr'neans a pedestal of definite size and, shape will always be formed." 1 Y Thst'ructureinFig; 5 differs from that above described, in the provision of inner segments 16 which are rectangular, while the segments 1? only are tapered.

The expansible'section 15 (Fig. 6) comprises a crown 23, the same as in the other connection with a driving point or cup 26.

Bands 18 and 19 of the same nature and for the samepurpose as above described are employed around the "expansible portion of this section also, tostifi'en the section and prevent collapse thereof during the driving action or after the core, if one is used, has been Withdrawn. The expansion of this form of the device is similar to the first described form andis such that a double conical hole for a pedestal of corresponding form, as suggested by the dotted and dashed lines, although the expansion will be carried to a much greater extent that thus indicated. The hole formed in this manner will be practically free from water, as well as other materials, "and since the driving point 26 remains in place and the lower 7 end of the expansiblc section is retained in 7,: In Fig. 7, the casing 24 is of corrugated metal. the corrugations extending from end to end, making a very strong structure so far as the driving action is concerned, and this form may include a driving point 26" connected thereto by means 23 and 25 similar to the means shown in Fig. 6. This form of casing is adapted to be expanded above its point or lower end like the form of Fig. 6, and as in that case also, the casing will be waterproof, there being practically no openings between the point and the upper end.

In Fig. 8 the casing 24 is corrugated as above stated, but the body thereof is straight instead of tapered, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The lower end of the casing is open, as in Figs. 1 to 5, and hence may be expanded like the other open bottomed devices. This casing obviously may be either single or seetional, the several sections being connected, as shown at 25".

Referring again to Fig. 5, it may be noted that the segments 16' may be independent of one another, the same as the segments 16 of the other forms, but in some instances I prefer that the adjacent segments 16 be not wholly separated, but simply scored, as shown at 16 in Fig. 11. The dotted lines indicate the form of the metal flat, in which form the scoring may be done by any suitable means and then when the device is bent in tubular form the scorin will be ractically closed, as shown in in 1 lines. n this form of the invention, the inner series of segments or the tubular construction which after expansion forms the inner series of segments, is vastly stiifer than the other forms, and therefore has great strength in resisting the tendency to collapse during the driving action.

The term section as employed herein is intended to apply to any definite ortion of the casing considered longitudina ly and particularly to the expansible portion, whether the expansible. portion be made of a separate part or as an integral part ofa non-sectional casing.

I claim:

1. Means for formin concrete piles comprising a casing to be riven into the earth, said casing having at its lower end an expansible portion normally of the diameter of the casing ada ted to be expanded after it is driven to the esired depth, said portion after being expanded presenting a continuous surface to positively exclude the entrance of earth through-the sides thereof.

2. Means for forming a concrete pile with an expanded footing or-pedestal, the same comprising a casing includin a portion comprising a plurality of vertical overlapping segments, means connecting the upper ends of said segments and constituting a solid non-expansible crown, the segments below said crown bein movable radially of the casing to cxpande form.

3, The herein described means for forming a pedestal ile, the same comprising an expansible section normally of cylindrical form including a plurality of independent vertical segments and non-expansible means connecting the upper ends of said segments, and means engaging and cooperating with the segments below their upper ends to prevent collapse thereof while being driven.

4. The herein described expansible sec tion for a ile casing, the same being normally of cy indrical form and comprising a plurality of vertical segments, a non-expansible device connecting the upper ends of the segments and formin a crown, the segments below the crown %eing movable radially below the crown, and means carried within the segments serving to revent collapse during driving but provi ing for expanding action after being driven.

5. The herein described expansible section for a pile casing, the same comprising a plurality of inner and outer series of vertical segments, means connecting all of the upper ends of said se ments forming a non-e10 pansible crown, t 1e segments below the crown being movable radially outwardly below the crown, and means carried by one of said series of segments and engaging the other segments to prevent the co lapse of the section while bein driven but providing for the expansion t ereof after being driven.

6. The herein described expansible sec- .tion for a concrete pile casing, the same coming the upper ends of the segments,l the segments being movable outwardly ra ially below said non-expansible means, a pair of bands disposed opposite each other within and without the expansible portion of the segments, and means carried by certain of said segments and projecting between adjacent segments of the remainder thereof to hold said bands from upward or downward displacement, but permitting of expansion thereof along with the expansion of the section.

7. Means for forming a concrete pile with an expanded footing or pedestal, the same comprising a casing havin an expansible section comprising a plura ity of vertical segments, means connecting the upper ends of said segments and constltuting a non-expansible crown, the segments below said crown being expansible radiall of the easing to provide an enlarged ho e .of definite predetermined size and form, and means to prevent the collapse of the expansible section during the driving of the casing.

MAX MILLER. 

